In general, static is not something to be concerned about, for your own health anyway. They can be an issue for electronics, but we would need to understand why the shocks are happening, how often and at what current to be concerned. If you are able to lookup this article, the current is low enough to not be concerned..
The chances they are being caused by the laptop itself, are slim to none, emphasis on none. The charger, slightly higher if non branded or damaged. But more likely the issue is being caused by the power systems.
Static shocks caused by a laptop are very uncommon,
While the laptop feels like the source, it is usually acting as the discharge point for static electricity built up on your body from the environment, rather than generating the electricity itself.
This is especially prevalent with modern, metal-bodied, or aluminum laptops (like MacBooks, Dell XPS, etc.)
Some people are more prone to static shocks than others due to a combination of dry skin, clothing choices, footwear, and environmental factors. Individuals with lower skin moisture (dry skin) build up higher charges. Common culprits include wearing synthetic clothing (polyester, nylon) and rubber-soled shoes, which insulate the body from the ground.
Why It Happens.
Dry Air/Environment: Low humidity (often during winter) prevents static from dissipating, causing it to build up on your body.
Friction: Walking on carpets, wearing synthetic clothing (polyester), or shifting in plastic chairs builds up a high static charge.
Conductive Casings: Aluminum or metal-chassis laptops are excellent conductors, providing an easy path for that charge to escape when you touch them.
Lack of Grounding: Many laptops use two-prong power adapters that do not properly ground the device, allowing static to build up on the chassis, this is especially relevant if not in the UK, or using a US/EU/Non three prong plug with your charger..
Is it Always "Static"?
Not necessarily. While a sharp, one-time "zap" is likely static, a constant "tingling" or buzzing sensation when touching the laptop while it is plugged in is often AC leakage current. This occurs when the power outlet or the charger itself is not properly grounded.
When the Chances are Highest
Using a Metal-Bodied Laptop: High. If not grounded or in an electrically charged environment, near a power station, port, airport etc.
Dry Winter Conditions/Carpet: High.
Using Non-Original or generic cheaper chargers and 2 to three pin adapters Chargers: High.
Plugging into a Non-Grounded Wall Socket: High. Primarily used in the US, Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, most of Central America/Caribbean, most of Europe (except the UK, Ireland, Cyprus, and Malta), some regions of South America, Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, and some Middle Eastern countries. and Asia.
Are These Shocks Dangerous?
To You: Generally, these shocks are harmless to humans, although very annoying.
To the Laptop: Occasional minor shocks are rarely harmful, but repeated electrostatic discharge (ESD) can degrade sensitive components over time, particularly USB ports, audio jacks, or the motherboard.
How to Prevent It
Use a Grounded Outlet: Ensure your charger is plugged into a three-prong wall socket.
Use a surge protected Extension Cable or earthed "tower": Be sure to use the grounded three-prong extension cable instead of the small two-prong wall adapter.
Increase Humidity: Use a humidifier to keep room humidity between 40-60%.
Ground Yourself: Touch a grounded metal object (like a radiator or a metal desk leg) before touching your laptop.
Change Fabrics: Avoid wearing wool or polyester while using the laptop.
Use an Anti-Static Mat: Place a small anti-static mat under your hands or laptop.