The needs of all Students when it comes to audio recording and playback will be different, as such, unless identified at assessment the type of microphone supplied will almost always be one designed to record Speech and/or lectures. In most cases a headset or similar for dictation will also be supplied.
Unless specifically identified, it may be that you need a specific type of Microphone, headphone etc that DSA do not supply/have not supplied. As such you may need to grab some equipment of your own.
There are several types of microphones, each designed for specific applications and sound characteristics. Here are some of the main types:
Types of Microphones
- Dynamic Microphones: Durable and versatile, ideal for live performances and loud sound sources like drums and guitar amps. Good all around for students studying music/composers.
- Condenser Microphones: Sensitive and accurate, perfect for studio recordings, vocals, and acoustic instruments. Good for students studying music/composers who perform live.
- Ribbon Microphones: Known for their warm and natural sound, often used for vocals and acoustic instruments. Good for students studying music/composers who perform in a "studio" or quiet environment.
- Shotgun Microphones: Highly directional, used in film and video production to capture sound from a specific direction. Good for most students, to capture lecture audio etc, most cheaper Mic's labeled shotgun, such as the Samson Mic etc barely qualify/may not work as well as wanted, but work as well as expected.
- Lavalier Microphones: Small and clip-on, commonly used in television, theater, and public speaking. Good for most students, performing one on one interviews etc
- Stereo Microphones: Capture a stereo image, useful for recording live music and ambient sounds. Good for students studying music/composers who perform live. However, a condenser, especially if already "stereo" may be better.
- Parabolic Microphones: Capture distant sounds, often used in sports broadcasting and nature recording. Similar to Shotgun Mics, however usually more expensive and less forgiving if the subject moves off center.
- Hydrophones: Designed to capture underwater sounds. I mean, there have to be students studying marine biology or something.
Microphone Array Types
Microphone arrays use multiple microphones to capture sound from various directions and improve audio quality. Some common array types useful for students:
- Linear Arrays: Microphones are arranged in a straight line, often used in conference rooms and lecture halls. Again, the standard DSA mics rarely have a decent/the correct array, in most instances a small expenditure is recommended to get a True shotgun or parabolic mic with a true Linear array
- Circular Arrays: Microphones are placed in a circular pattern, providing 360-degree coverage, useful for capturing ambient sounds and group discussions. Great for capturing meeting or large orchestra audio.
- Spherical Arrays: Microphones are arranged on the surface of a sphere, offering comprehensive spatial audio capture, often used in 3D audio recording. Best for Live music sessions of small groups of artists, especially if audience sounds need to be captured (placed between musicians and audience) or not (placed behind musicians).
- Planar Arrays: Microphones are placed on a flat surface, used in applications requiring directional sound capture. What the standard DSA mics usually actually use, great in a semi quiet environment where the mic can be placed unmoved on a flat surface near the subject.
Each type of microphone and array has its unique advantages and is chosen based on the specific needs of the recording environment and field of study/case use.
For recording music, condenser microphones are generally preferred in studio settings due to their sensitivity and ability to capture detail. Dynamic microphones, known for their durability, are better suited for live performances. Ribbon microphones offer a warm, vintage sound but are more delicate and typically used in studios.
Condenser Microphones:
Best for vocals, acoustic instruments, and studio recording where detail and nuance are crucial.
They are more sensitive than dynamic mics, meaning they can capture a wider range of frequencies and quieter sounds.
Large-diaphragm condenser mics: Excellent for vocals and instruments with a wide frequency range.
Small-diaphragm condenser mics: Ideal for instruments requiring clarity, like violins or acoustic guitars.
Condensers require phantom power (usually from an audio interface) or batteries to operate.
Dynamic Microphones:
Best for Live performances, loud instruments, and situations where durability is important.
They are more rugged and can handle high sound pressure levels without distortion.
Ribbon Microphones:
Best for studio recordings requiring a warm, smooth sound, particularly for vocals and certain instruments.
They have a unique sonic character that can add a vintage or warm quality to recordings.
Caution:
They are more delicate than dynamic or condenser mics and require careful handling.
Ultimately, the "best" microphone depends on your specific needs and recording environment.
This video will help you choose the perfect microphone for your needs: